The Yayoi period, starting around 500 BC, saw the introduction of practices like wet- rice farming, a new style of pottery, and metallurgy, introduced from China and Korea. Around 300 BC, the Yayoi people began to enter the Japanese islands, intermingling with the Jōmon. Decorated clay vessels from this period are some of the oldest surviving examples of pottery in the world. This was followed from around 14,000 BC (the start of the Jōmon period) by a Mesolithic to Neolithic semi-sedentary hunter-gatherer culture, who include ancestors of both the contemporary Ainu people and Yamato people, characterized by pit dwelling and rudimentary agriculture. The Golden Hall and five-story pagoda of Hōryū-ji, among the oldest wooden buildings in the world, National Treasures, and a UNESCO World Heritage SiteĪ Paleolithic culture around 30,000 BC constitutes the first known habitation of the Japanese archipelago. According to the League of Nations, Japan also has the third lowest infant mortality rate. According to Japan's health ministry, Japanese women have the second highest life expectancy of any country in the world. After Singapore, Japan has the lowest homicide rate (including attempted homicide) in the world. It is also the world's fourth-largest exporter and fourth-largest importer. The Second Sino-Japanese War of 1937 expanded into part of World War II in 1941, which came to an end in 1945 following the Battle of West Hunan.Ī major economic power, Japan has the world's third-largest economy by nominal GDP and the world's fourth-largest economy by purchasing power parity. In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, victory in the First Sino-Japanese War, the Russo-Japanese War and World War I allowed Japan to expand its empire during a period of increasing militarism. Nearly two decades of internal conflict and insurrection followed before the Meiji Emperor was restored as head of state in 1868 and the Empire of Japan was proclaimed, with the Emperor as a divine symbol of the nation. Japan entered into a long period of isolation in the early 17th century, which was only ended in 1853 when a United States fleet pressured Japan to open to the West.
From the 12th century until 1868, Japan was ruled by successive feudal military dictatorships (shogunates) in the name of the Emperor. Influence from other nations followed by long periods of isolation has characterized Japan's history. The first written mention of Japan is in Chinese history texts from the 1st century AD. Honshū's Greater Tokyo Area, which includes the de facto capital city of Tokyo and several surrounding prefectures, is the largest metropolitan area in the world, with over 30 million residents.Īrchaeological research indicates that people lived in Japan as early as the Upper Paleolithic period. Japan has the world's tenth-largest population, with over 127 million people. The four largest islands are Honshu, Hokkaido, Kyushu, and Shikoku, which together comprise about ninety-seven percent of Japan's land area. Japan is an archipelago of 6,852 islands. The characters that make up Japan's name mean "sun-origin", which is why Japan is sometimes referred to as the " Land of the Rising Sun". Located in the Pacific Ocean, it lies to the east of the Sea of Japan, China, Korea, and Russia, stretching from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea and the Philippines in the south. The Empire of Japan ( Japanese: 大日本帝國 Dai Nippon Teikoku, literally "Empire of Great Japan") is an island nation in East Asia.
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